DNA Cloning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1022 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Cloning Essay Did you like this example? The creation of Human clones represents another form of life having the modification such as DNA to make cells and tissue for making a clone. Using these testings can eventually lead to overpopulation and eventually cause over-usage of resources for people and introduces the physical and psychosocial harm to human beings of genetic identical or modified copies of a human to have similar functions and appearance. This kind of cloning reproduction deals with tissue and cells, The possibilities have slimmed down to complications having to do with ethical concerns that have provoked several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality due to the concerns of what can happen.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "DNA Cloning" essay for you Create order The common types of cloning are reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning is the process which A gene located and copied out of DNA extracted from an organism. Although human cloning has no record of being successful, cloning was demonstrated to be possible when scientist by the name of sir ian wilmut and the rest of his team successfully cloned dolly a sheep in the year 1996 and lived up to 10 years but animals are far more different than humans. There hasnt been any rumors or facts about a human clone being successful because it comes with risks such as abnormalities that the clones embryo can have with cells and tissue which can turn out to be bad not only for the clone but for other living creatures and potentially lead to the domino effect, meaning other attributes of life could be changed or altered negatively as any result and if Genes are modified to be smarter than others and the average person will not have a place in society because of that. It comes down to the risk it takes to make a clone out of someone because anything can happen and if it doesnt workout the way its supposed to then immediately you know its not safe and worth investing money and equipment to test these procedures to make an embryo from scratch. clones are not identified as twins compared to a human when they are born it is more of a nuclear transfer through DNA genetically modified from someone else and the cloning is taken place in a lab, Two main types of cloning are reproductive and therapeutic as mentioned earlier, but Reproductive cloning involves the creation of another life whereas therapeutic cloning has no implantation into the uterus to form a child. It is used more for medical use creating stem cells to Save lives and the medical possibilities for stem cells are immense but that doesnt mean that these clones will be 100% and functioning at its fullest potential like scientists do to animal cloning its different and not only is that a dangerous but this isnt something that happens on a regular basis because then the cloning can not go the way scientists will want that can potentially start many issues. The argument is that human reproductive cloning should not be carried out because human clones are also likely to exhibit inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming or abnormalities and Different versions of this epigenetic argument are analyzed, categorical version and a non-categorical. The non-categorical version is suggested to be more well-considered With regard to policy making on human reproductive cloning, the categorical version can be used to prescribe a permanent ban, while the non-categorical version can be used to prescribe a temporary ban. The factor to that is Animal cloning has raised concerns about human cloning on behalf of many organizations that have analyzed the situation expressed its unacceptable and have called for a ban on such research due to the fact that its not just something scientists are use to on a regular basis because humankind comes from a sperm cell and an egg that form the process of a embryo to a fetus, not knowing fully whats to be expected of a cl one being created in the lab. The issue of human cloning may violate moral human rights and it is seen that every human has the right to their unique identity but this could easily be disputed with cloning sharing the same genome but have different lives and futures. Cloning could also produce physiological distress and harm in the clone and may feel that their life is already laid out before them and have no choices. They will also face physiological problems and discrimination because of their identity and that would leave humans to new adaptations and conditions. As a person the effect it can have on somebody will lessen the worth of individuals and diminish respect for human life, Human life would be seen as replaceable if something happened to a person, like if they were killed another clone can simply replace them in fact and could never replace the one that is lost. Clones would be subject to discrimination based on the fact that they are a clone and did not arise because of sexual reproduction. If human cloning was to be the norm it wouldnt be a good thing because the cells are taken from adult cells and implemented to the clone having gained a lot of years would mean it doesnt have a long life expectancy that would not be useful because the clone would live in the shadow of the genetic donor, always having to live up to the expectations of a person they were created from. As for many believe cloning is going against Gods will because itll be created by man. Man would be playing God and create people that are unable to feel and emphasize with no filter in between and also created without a soul. Its to be believed that human cloning is a representation mocking humanity forming a new life created from a genetic donor with their own DNA creating cells and tissue for the clone but as far as that goes just like identical twins look exactly alike they dont have the same personality and enjoy different things. The same would be for a clone even if technology can do everything to be the same the clone would still be a different person no matter what.

Hate Crime Argument - 964 Words

Hate Crime is a growing hot topic and needs to be discussed. Being a relatively touchy subject no one really wants to truly discuss and express their own ideas about it. Don Feder and Eric Holder were the ones to step up and give their opinions on the matter. While Feder and Eric Holder had different opinions on the subject they both wrote compelling and convincing arguments. However the overall better argument came down to something as little as using pathos in their arguments. One article having left out some important writing styles made it possible to decide a better argument. The article Hate Crimes Legislation Criminalizes Thought ,by Don Feder, held a much better argument than that of Eric Holders Hate Crimes are Necessary.†¦show more content†¦However his extensive use of emotional writing lead to one weakness which is a lacking of factual statements and logos. Regardless of this his expression of his own opinion was enough to compel the reader regardless of his fact ual correction. However if the subject were read in a different context one would clearly see the lack of credibility of his accusations to the legislation. Over all Don Feder wrote a strong and compelling article which holds a better argument than Eric Holder. In Eric Holder’s â€Å"Hate Crime Laws Are Necessary,† he clearly expresses the opinion he has towards the legislation as positive. He thinks that this legislation is exactly what’s needed and that it is necessary to help prevent â€Å"hate crimes.† Being an African American, Eric holds a particularly personal opinion on the topic as he is in one of the groups picked as a target for hate crimes. This being said there is a small amount of bias in his passage leading to rash opinions on the topic. Eric however expresses his own clear view of the subject and that is his alliance with the proposal. Eric Holder took a more calm approach to the matter than Don Feder and began his article with facts of credibility other than thought provoking statements. Furthermore, Eric Holder continues to write factual statements and occurrences to support his claim but with a lack of emotion toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hate Crime Victimization1642 Words   |  7 Pagesof m urders, assaults, and acts of vandalism and desecration were fueled by bigotry† (Karmen, 2013, p. 350). Hate crime victimization is a very prevalent and serious issue that exists amongst our society today that is often used to demonstrate a form of hate towards a particular group of people; primarily minority groups. â€Å"Although each state employs a different definition of hate crime, most statutes include groups singled out on the basis of race (such as African Americans or Asian Americans)Read MoreHate Crimes Should Be Abolished714 Words   |  3 PagesHate crimes should be abolished to due to the fact that these types of crimes only occur when someone or their property is attacked by another for the sole reason of discrimination and hate and may not be limited to an individual’s race, racial group, and religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or gender identity. Hate crimes come in many forms such as images that depict hate, hate speech and the threat of physic al harm. Sometimes crimes of hate occur because of a perceived threat of one group ofRead MoreFreedom of Speech at College2731 Words   |  11 Pageswas the tyranny of the majority (8). Freedom of speech is essential, without it there is no freedom. Harvey A. Silverglate, a member of the Board of Directors of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, stated, there has been an ongoing argument about the difference between speech and conduct. To some, â€Å"The amendment would seem to protect speech only—and not the various forms of conduct that can communicate a message† (23). States and government have been trying to make laws that the BillRead MoreThe Murder Of Gwen Amber Rose Araujo1562 Words   |  7 PagesJustice Professor at Bridgewater State University, states that crimes are committed for numerous reasons. However, when dealing with bias crime, also known as hate crime, the motivation stems from â€Å"prejudice or hostile† behavior that is â€Å"triggered by his or her perception of the victim’s ethnicity, race, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or gender† (Tupin-Petrosino, 2015, p. 2). When one thinks of a gender-based crime, many individuals conclu ded the crime’s victim is most likelyRead MoreThe Issue Of Hate Crimes2025 Words   |  9 Pagesfacing in the world are hate crimes. Despite this being a major issues, there appears to be no solution in sight to put a stop to hate crimes. For this paper I chose to focus on hate crimes I can gain more knowledge about this topic and because it s something that I have personally experienced. Throughout U.S. history, a significant proportion of all murders, assaults, and acts of vandalism have been fueled by hatred. As Native Americans have been described as the first hate crime victims, members ofRead More Hate Crimes Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages Hate Crimes I. What are Hate Crimes A. Definitions for Hate Crimes B. Counting Hate Crimes 1. White Power 2. Black Power II. Examples of Hate Crimes A. Hate Crime penalties III. Reasons for Hate Crimes Even though Hate Crimes have been around in the past, and have been most certainly been more violent in the past. Hate Crimes are most certainly still a problem in todays society, but it is not dealt with the same violent manner as previously performed in the past. There are still violent actsRead MoreThe Problem Of Hate Crimes1023 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation, represents a serious threat to all communities. Experts estimate that a bias-related crime is committed every 14 minutes. Criminal justice officials and state policy makers need to realize that it is key to make or adjust hate crime legislation. This has been a heated debate for centuries. The key to solving the ever-growing problem of hate crimes is more hate crime legislation. Crimes The news of Columbine was all over the TV, newspapers, and in every social aspect of life. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Laramie Project1293 Words   |  6 Pages Hate Crimes After reading â€Å"The Laramie Project† your left with so many questions, ideas and emotions. The play is a series of interviews (reenacted exactly as they happened) to give the audience facts and true statements so that they can form there own opinion. The play takes place in Laramie Wyoming, after the â€Å"hate crime† that left 21 year old Matthew Shepard fighting for his life that ended soon after all because the fact that he was gay. Hate is a feeling and hate crime is actingRead MoreHate Crimes Against Gays Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesSimply because Matthew was gay. Matthews death became a national symbol of violence against homosexuals, prompting prayer vigils and calls for state and federally supported hate crime laws. Today, America prides itself on being a tolerant country. Through laws and legislation, including affirmative action, anti hate-crime laws, and movements against racial discrimination, America sees itself as a country that offers equal opportunities to people of all size, shape, and color. This statementRead MoreEssay on Hate Groups on the Internet3671 Words   |  15 Pages The Web of Hate Technology has provided our society with numerous innovations that have been created to improve the quality of life on a daily basis. One such innovation is the Internet. The access to a wide variety of information is perhaps the most valuable tool, as well as the most important tool, that we have entering the twenty-first century. There are virtually no limits on how much can be achieved through the use of the Internet. This is not

Eco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper Free Essays

Supply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the University of Phoenix simulation (2003), students are taken through the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments in a city called Atlantis. The simulation itself is used as a tool to learn about the demand and supply curves as well as equilibrium. Other key learning points are the factors that affect supply and demand, the effect that a price ceiling has on the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied. We will write a custom essay sample on Eco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the simulation, students determine the rental rates or how many apartments are rented out for a given month. A microeconomic principle that stood out at the beginning of the simulation was the use of the word â€Å"monopoly†. The simulated management organization has a monopoly in the rental field within Atlantis. I considered it to be a microeconomic principle in that it was limited to a certain region. On a macroeconomic scale, it would not hold true because of the fact that there are numerous rental management organizations throughout the world. The second microeconomic principle from the simulation was the scenario in which the student is to determine a monthly rental rate that will remove the imbalance between quantity demanded and quantity supplied at the rental rate of $1550 (University of Phoenix, 2003). I consider this to be a microeconomic concept because each industry or field has its own norm for quantity demanded which definitely affects how much is supplied. An example of this is that of exotic cars. There is a limited number of these vehicles in demand which results in the manufacturers of these cars to build only a limited amount. A macroeconomic principle that showed through in the simulation was that for any product, more quantity is demanded at a lower price, other things remaining constant. To apply that to a microeconomic scale using the simulation as an example, when the rental rate was reduced, more individuals were willing to rent apartments which led to a lower vacancy rate. As the rental rate is lowered, revenue first increases, reached a maximum at a particular rate and quantity demanded, and decreases. The second macroeconomic principle from the simulation was the supply curve demonstration. The student is tasked to identify correctly, the rental rate that the company would charge if it were to lease out all of the apartments. For any supplier, production costs normally increase for each additional unit of the product. In the case of the simulation, it was maintenance costs that were added for each unit rented out. This added cost meant that the rental rate had to increase as well. When the rental rate increased, the number of apartments that management was willing to lease out increased. This was a basic demonstration of how the supply curve works. At one point within the simulation, there is a shift in the demand curve. This is because there was an increase in the population in the city. At any given rental rate, more people rented apartments. This resulted in an increase in demand but the supply remained the same. As a result, the demand curve shifted to the right. The new equilibrium price is now higher than before and the number of apartments demanded and supplied increases. The change in expectations of management caused the supply of two-bedroom apartments to decrease. The expectation was that more individuals would prefer to live in a condo vice the two-bedroom apartment. It also eventually occurred and as a result, this factor caused the supply curve to shift to the left or decrease because there was not only a decrease in the demand for the two-bedroom but also a decrease in the supply. Since the shift in supply was greater than the shift in the demand, the price of rent increases. Had it been the other way around, the rental rate would have declined. Through this simulation, I was able to understand the affect of price ceilings. In the case of the simulation, while tenants could only be charged up to a certain amount, they might be subjected to make up a portion of the difference by higher deposits in order to lease. Price ceilings could also lead to discrimination in the form of choosing tenants on the basis of race, socioeconomic status, etcetera because the number of units that are available far exceeds the number of units the company is able to rent out due to costs. References University of Phoenix. (2003). Applying supply and demand concepts [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ECO365 website. How to cite Eco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper, Essay examples

Sports Essay Research Paper For this assignment free essay sample

Sports Essay, Research Paper For this assignment I wanted to concentrate on baseball managers. However, I was unable to go to two games each on a different degree because at this point in clip merely the college season is underway. So alternatively of go toing a game at a degree other than college, I attended a high school pattern session. At first the manager was a spot discerning about leting me to go to, but he finally allowed me to after a younger brother of a friend of mine who was on the squad assured him that I wasn t a undercover agent for another squad. That said, I expected the pattern to be strict and proficient in nature and a bid manner manager who extremely valued winning. However, it was rather the reverse. The manager, to my surprise, subscribed to a instead submissive/baby sitting trade name of training. The pattern had really small construction or organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Essay Research Paper For this assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After a brief warm-up period, which consisted of a light jog and short stretching modus operandi, he merely divided the squad up into two groups. One headed for the two batting coops and the other spread themselves out to make full the balance of the gym to throw and finally lined up to take land balls from the adjunct manager. This went on for about entireness of the two-hour pattern ( the groups switched about mid manner through ) . During this clip the caput manager freely roamed the gym, halting here and at that place, offering at most minor direction to where he felt it was needed. While he was making this, those who were waiting their bend to either chiropteran or field were drop the balling about rather a spot ( at least harmonizing to my criterions ) . Merely when things got excessively objectionable did the manager intervene. He didn T seem to care much about the physical or mental development of his participants. I have to acknowledge that I was reasonably aghast to see this traveling on. I played baseball at that place all four old ages under two different caput managers. Both were what you could name martinets ; they were really organized and structured patterns in such a manner that they required your complete attending from start T o coating. I was funny to see how the squad faired last twelvemonth under the current government so I spoke to my friend s younger brother. Not surprisingly the squad had one of its poorest seasons in old ages. I found it sad to see my old high school go from respectable to absurd. I besides felt sorry for those playing for the current manager. The subject, work ethic, and values transmitted from the command/cooperative manner managers that I played for will non be instilled in those playing under this manager. The college manager I observed was more in line with the managers I played for in high school. He was much more structured and disciplined and fit what I felt was a combination of bid and concerted manner of coaching. After a jog and stretch, the squad loosened up with some long tossing. After about five or six proceedingss of that, the manager called them in for multi-infield ( which, Unlike the high school manager, who had his helper hit one land ball at a clip, this manager ( like my former managers ) had outfielders hit land balls to the infielders so that each infielder could have the maximal sum of land balls in a limited period of clip ) . Finally the outfielders took their places and the infielders gave them multi-outfield. To acquire more of an apprehension of what manner of training the manager used I stayed near to the dugout for the bulk of the game. He decidedly emphasized winning, but at the same clip he cared about his participants. There were a twosome of occasions where participants made mental and physical mistakes. He decidedly allow them cognize that they made a error ; he raised his voice rather a spot ( non shouting but non speaking either ) . However, he was neer take downing, and whenever he was done acquiring their attending and indicating out errors he offered encouragement, come on, you re better that that, or acquire thousand following clip. I felt that this manager was good balanced and offered much more counsel than the high school manager, which in my sentiment is necessary when training in competitory degrees of organized athleticss.

Mother Love In Infancy Is As Important For Mental Health As Are Vitami

Mother Love In Infancy Is As Important For Mental Health As Are Vitamins And Proteins For Physical Health. (Bowlby, 1951) Discuss. During the 1930s and 1940s John Bowlby, considered one of the most influential child psychiatrics, worked at a clinic for mentally disturbed adolescents. It was in this context that, between 1936 and 1939, he conducted a research on the case history of 44 patients, among whom a few had been convicted for various minor crimes, particularly for theft. The outcome of his research revealed that that 17 of them had been separated from their mother for more than six months, before the age of five. From a later similar research on other 44 adolescents mentally disturbed but with no criminal tendency, emerged that only two had been deprived of the mother's care. Basing on these observations Bowlby concluded that maternal deprivation contributes to delinquency. His scientific publication entitled 44 Juvenile Thieves, gives an accurate explanation on how he reached his conclusion. He seems to have overlooked several other variables which could have well explained this criminal tendency, including the reasons of the separation in the first place. Despite the relevance of his research it appears that, only 40 per cent of a small sample of just 44 subjects deprived of their mother's care sometime in the childhood, had manifested deviant behaviours. Moreover, it has to be taken into account the environment in which these children were somehow reared. The pre-war economic depression could have well been a dominant factor in shaping their personality. Another relevant research was carried out by William Goldfarb during the 1940s. He studied two groups of 15 orphans in New York matched for sex, age and social background of their deceased parents. Goldfarb visited these two groups four times, at the age of three, six, eight and twelve, measuring their progress, language skills and ability to form relationships. He reported that the children adopted earlier did far better than the children who had spent more time within the orphanage walls. This practically was the kind of evidence highlighted by Bowlby in terms of early deprivation of mother's care. Again, from this longitudinal study, other conclusions can be drawn. For instance, being almost impossible to measure babies' intelligence, there is no evidence of the pre-existing capacities of these two groups sample. The fact that some of them had been chosen for adoption rather than others, could mean that they were already more intelligent or lively or inclined to form relationships easier. In opposition to Bowlby's theories there are equally relevant studies. Ann and Alan Clarke's observation on six war orphans for example, consistently challenge the point of view that early deprivation permanently affects child development. This case history sees six one-year-old children confined into a concentration camp, soon after their fathers died in World War Two. Although the conditions were severely proving, lack of food, scarce attention and not to mention that occasional strangers were rearing them, these children seemed to be fairly close to each other. They would cope with daily problems almost independently and turn to adults only when they effectively needed something. The six children eventually learned to speak with no apparent difficulty and started to form solid relationships with adults, though they remained close to each other. This form of attachment, despite of the under-stimulating rearing environment, shows that children can ?survive? without mothers. Another example of challenging theories comes from Czech researcher Jarmila Koluchova. In 1972 she reported the case of two 12-year-old twins who had suffered severe deprivation. Their mother died shortly after they were born at the age of one and they were taken to the hospital and found normal and healthy infants. The father remarried and their new stepmother turned to be cruel and insensitive towards them, inflicting severe physical punishments. Many other factors had also worsened their growing. The father was for most of the time absent from home because of his job and the economic condition of the family was far below the average low-working class's. At the age of seven the twins were finally examined and found physically and mentally retarded. Numerous scars and bruises covered their bodies and the lack of nutrition and vitamins resulted in a major bone disease. They could not walk straight and their coordination was very

Effects of poverty on the family life essays

Effects of poverty on the family life essays Our lives consist of series of events. They influence not only our behaving and our life but also the life of our family members and their feats. Our behaviour is rotted to the circumstances that appear in our lives. There are always several possible ways how to deal with the situation. Also our family responds to our selection. All the aspects affect them too. But there is again a time for them to choose how to face it. And again their acting has the same force on the others. Life can really be a wicked circle. Tillie Olsen is drafting similar problem in her short story. In I Stand Here Ironing not much happens: the narrator irons some dresses and exchanges a few words with her daughter. But the real action is internal. Besides many other themes the author also illustrates how the poverty influences and changes the individual lives within one family. To start with the head of the family we have to refer to the biological father. He isn't mentioned in the story more than one time. But out of this one sentence we can learn quite enough. In those times, man was the one earning the money. He was the one feeding the family. He was the one clothing it. Besides the fact he usually wasn't at home often, he had very important place in it. He brought the money for surviving. The father of the family in this short story could no longer endure (he wrote in his good-bye note) sharing want with us. That suggests that he loves his family but he isn't strong enough to bear the burden of poverty. He has to choose between to things. First one is to stay with the family and look into the wanting eyes with the self-reproach or he can choose the second one, which means to leave his loving wife and daughter. Under the pressure of shortness of money and his family's need he decides to go the second way. Moreover the fact he left a good-bye note signif ies that it wasn't easy for him to leave them. He is just not strong ...

Evidence Based Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence Based Health - Essay Example The sample should be satisfactory in terms of size, representation of the whole population and relevance to the study. Selection of the wrong sample and sample size will lead to poor conclusions and results therefore leading to wrong implementation. The success of any research work depends highly on the selection of the participants and the participation level of the participants. The selection of the participants from those who were to join the university made the research a worthy activity to undertake. Participants selected should be from a group privy to the research outcome (Boyer, 1990, p34-37). The researcher selected participants from a vulnerable group. Though this was not a full representation of the group, the researcher was able to monitor the trends of the students as they continued with their studies. The research was aimed at investigating whether students’ anxieties and depressions increase after entering college, how much adverse life experiences lead to their increases, as well as the influence of adversity, depression and anxiety on test performance. The use of the sample data would enable the researcher establish the level of increase in the student depressions and anxiety and impacts on exam performance. However, the researcher should also have used the continuing students and those who had already completed their studies in order to reach at a conclusive decision and recommendations. The sample selected was to benefit from the research outcome as the recommendations made would impact their lives. The researcher ensured that the privacy of the students is maintained by use of questionnaires where the identity of the students was not to be revealed when answering them. The participants were briefed of the essence of the research but were not given the chance to state their position in participation. The participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. In my view,

Health Care Policy Issues for the Elderly in America Assignment

Health Care Policy Issues for the Elderly in America - Assignment Example The conditions include the stroke, cancer, arthritis, mental disorder, cancer, and other chronic illnesses causing limited or total disability. As people live longer, the major common chronic diseases increase causing a considerable disability and functional dependence requiring services affecting diverse sectors of the economy. The burden of chronic diseases poses a significant challenge for policymakers, providers of long-term care services including families and friends of the victims (Niles- Yokum & Wagner, 2015). Policy issues and challenges for the long-term care emerging from the demographic changes should rectify amicably by the involvement of health care providers. To make profound changes in the formal health care system, health care providers and policymakers must embrace the quality of healthcare for the older citizen. As a part of Affordable Care Act, Congress passed a new Voluntary, long-term insurance policy allowing planning by the individuals for the long-term services (Protection & Act, 2010). The formation of the Living Assistance and Supports Program enables individuals to plan correctly for long-term services as they age. CLASS allows the elderly to spend at home rather than forcing them to spend their life savings or enter the nursing homes. Even though, the initiation of the CLASS project terminates the Congress members believe the issue should be revocable. The Affordable Care Act comprises various funding programs to ensure improvement in the care of the elderly. It improves the available tools creating new options and financial incentives for states to give home and community-based services and support (Powers, 2014). It acts on the limited areas of interests, for example, the home, and community-based services state plan option. For the Qualification of the Medicaid benefits, eligible seniors must have spent most of their resources enabling Medicaid to pay for long-term health care. The seniors with both Medicaid and Medicare covers are dually eligible. Because of the varying rules of Medicaid from State to state, it is important for the low-income seniors to investigate how the state program works. There is a Partnership for Long-Term Care, which combines private long-term care insurance and Medicaid long-term care coverage to support healthcare services. Â  

MARKETING AND ITS ENVIRONMENT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MARKETING AND ITS ENVIRONMENT - Case Study Example Another major target market for Marks & Spencer includes people who are traveling or vacationing in the area of their outlet. The brand name of Mark & Spencer is synonymous with upscale and high quality products which are extremely desirous to everyone who goes to a Marks & Spencer outlet; especially to foreigners who are traveling into the country. Therefore, these people formulate a significant section of the market which constitutes the consumers of Mark & Spencer's products. Here, we will look at the services that are provided by Marks & Spencer for their brands. The key concept behind the services that are provided by Marks & Spencer is eliminating the crippling feeling of disparity that arises in the minds of the consumers with regards to the retailers and the customers. The shop keepers at Marks & Spencer portray themselves as being one from the legions of customers that formulate their target market, therefore, it becomes considerably easy for customers to associate with the shop keepers which allows for trust to be established between the customers and retailers. In addition, the ambience and general structure of Marks & Spencer outlets is created in such a way in order to create a homely environment for the customers. With soft colours, open space displays and effervescent shop keepers, Marks & Spencer fits the bill of a homely departmental store like a glove due to which their customers are highly energized by the ambience; which is considered to be one of the major reasons why Marks & Spencer enjoys a very loyal clientele and also are able to generate new customers from their existing consumer base due to word of mouth marketing. With these key ingredients as well as value addition services like overseas delivery etc, we can clearly establish that the services employed by Marks & Spencer for their brands formulate the best mix of marketing and customer closeness with regards to the product range that is offered by them; and it certainly has to be considered the most best practice towards services that are provided by firms of this genre. We will now look at the 7 P's of marketing mix in relation with the brands that are offered by Marks & Spencer. The first P that we will look at is Product. Now the product that is offered by Marks & Spencer is of the highest quality

The Basics of How Computers Work

The Basics of How Computers Work A Computer is an electronic device used for making simple and complex calculations, analyses, storing, sorting, processing and retrieving of data, plotting graphical designs and sketches as well as many other tasks that is always on the increase. Computers range from the very small to the very large. Some are capable of doing millions of calculations in a single second, while others may take long periods of time to do even the most simple calculations. But theoretically, anything one computer is capable of doing, another computer will also be able to do. Given the right instructions, and sufficient memory, a computer found in a wristwatch should be able to accomplish anything a supercomputer can although it might take thousands of years for the wristwatch to complete the operation. At one time, computers were extremely large, and required enormous amounts of power. This made them useful only for a small amount of tasks computing trajectories for astronomical or military applications, for example, or code breaking. Over time, with technological advances, the computer was scaled down and its energy requirements lowered immensely. This allowed the power of the computer to be harnessed for a staggering array of uses. As prevalent as personal computers are, they do not nearly begin to scratch the surface of computer use in our world. Interactive devices of all sorts contain their own computers. Cellular telephones, GPS units, portable organizers, ATM machines, gas pumps, and millions of other devices all make use of computers to streamline their operations, and to offer features which would be impossible without a computer. List the Four Parts of a Computer System Arithmetic and Logic Unit Central Processing Unit Assemblers Compilers Some however refer hardware components as the main parts of computer system, in that case, these are (a) Computer (CPU) (b) Monitor (VDU) (c) Keyboard (d) Mouse Identify four types of Computer Hardware CPU Monitor Keyboard Mouse 2. Name and describe three types of storage devices Hard Disk It is the Main Storage device in the Computer and holds the Operating System as well as other application software installed by the user. It also hold the user files. As such, it is an inevitable part of the computer system. Compact Disk (CD) It is a removable storage device on which data could be stored for use in the future or to transfer data from one computer to another. It is important for storing software, utilities and hardware drivers. Flash Memory It is a modern substitute to the old floppy disk and is of greater capacity than the floppy disk. List five units of message for computer memory and storage Computers use the following units of storage to store data in memory and storage devices:- Bit Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte 3. Differentiate between Hardware and Software Hardware refers to the physically visible and tangible gadgets that make up the computer system. It is the parts that the human user touches and interacts with in order to achieve results. Software on the other hand refers to the set of commands stored in the computers memory and storage devises which propel the hardware to work. Software is the intellect that resides inside the computer system and is represented by the texts, icons and graphics we see on the computers display device (Screen VDU). (a) List four specific types of application software (i) Word processor E.g. Microsoft Word (ii) Spreadsheet e.g. Microsoft Excel (iii) Graphic Software e.g. CorelDraw (iv) Media Player e.g. Win-Amp 4. What is an input and output devices An input devise refers to the hardware components through which the human user of the computer feeds in data or commands into the computer for storage or processing while output devises are the hardware channels through which the computer gives back results to the user. For example, when you type text into MS Word, the keyboard is an input device. The user then uses MS Word to process the text entered through the keyboard and the result could be seen on the Monitor, which is an output device or could be printed out on paper through the printer. Here the monitor and printer are output devices. (a) Give examples of each device Input devices include mouse, Scanner, digital camera, finger print reader, OCR devices, microphone, and joystick. Output devices include Monitor, Speaker, Printer and plotters. 5. What is Internet? The internet is a phenomenal development in the computer world. It refers to a global connectivity of computers across the world that could share information interchangeably across the platform. Technically, the Internet is a system of Publicly accessible computer network connecting many smaller networks from around the world. It grew out of a U.S. Defense Department program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), established in 1969 with connections between computers at the University of California at Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, the University of California-Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. ARPANETs purpose was to conduct research into computer networking in order to provide a secure and survivable communications system in case of war. As the network quickly expanded, academics and researchers in other fields began to use it as well. In 1971 the first program for sending e-mail over a distributed network was developed; by 1973, the year international connections to ARPANET were made (from Britain and Norway), e-mail represented most of the traffic on ARPANET. The 1970s also saw the development of mailing lists, newsgroups and bulletin-board systems, and the TCP/IP communications protocols, which were adopted as standard protocols for ARPANET in 1982 83, leading to the widespread use of the term Internet. In 1984 the domain name addressing system was introduced. In 1986 the National Science Foundation established the NSFNET, a distributed network of networks capable of handling far greater traffic, and within a year more than 10,000 hosts were connected to the Internet. In 1988 real-time conversation over the network became possible with the development of Internet Relay Chat protocols (see chat). In 1990 ARPANET ceased to exist, leaving behind the NSFNET, and the first commercial dial-up access to the Internet became available. In 1991 the World Wide Web was released to the public (via FTP). The Mosaic browser was released in 1993, and its popularity led to the proliferation of World Wide Web sites and users. In 1995 the NSFNET reverted to the role of a research network, leaving Internet traffic to be routed through network providers rather than NSF supercomputers. That year the Web became the most popular part of the Internet, surpassing the FTP protocols in traffic volume. By 1997 there were more than 10 million hosts on the Internet and more than 1 million registered domain names. Internet access can now be gained via radio signals, cable-television lines, satellites, and fibre-optic connections, though most traffic still uses a part of the public telecommunications (telephone) network. The Internet is widely regarded as a development of vast significance that will affect nearly every aspect of human culture and commerce in ways still only dimly discernible. List five importance of Computer; Data Storage Sorting and analyses of data to get results Ease of information retrieval Accuracy Channel of Communication Write short note on importance of Information technology (IT) towards your field of study (Business Education) Computer can be of immense importance to business education because most of Information technology in real life situation is applied to business and commerce. Modern economic progress is largely attributable to availability and effective use of IT and as a student of Business, Information Technology is of immense significance. Students have to be conversant with both the theoretical and practical aspect of their studies. As a student of business education, being conversant with the practical aspect of my studies and this implies that Information technology should be an important aspect of what must be studied and closely related to. On a different perspective, Information technology is important in the actual dissemination of knowledge in the school system. Business education courses could be equally taught through the use of relevant software and network access to useful resources. This will serve the dual role of making the teaching-learning process efficient and effective on one hand and making students of business education learn a good aspect of real life business situations on the other hand.

A Defence of Individual Autonomy in a Multination Liberal State Essay

A Defence of Individual Autonomy in a Multination Liberal State Liberalism is committed to protecting the freedom to choose, question and revise one’s own conception of the good life. For this reason, liberalism defends (among many other things) freedom of conscience, expression and association, as well as mandatory, universal education. In Multicultural Citizenship, Will Kymlicka argues that the state is also obligated to ensure that the lifestyle options which are made available to an individual so that she can choose, question and revise her own conception of the good life, are meaningful to her by being understood by her in relation to her own "societal culture". He concludes, therefore, that in a multination liberal state, self-government rights should be granted to national minorities in order to guarantee that their members will have access to their own societal culture. However, in the case of an illiberal national minority, granting them the rights necessary to preserve their own societal culture will result in violations of the individual rights of their members. This is a serious problem for liberalism. Kymlicka proposes that we must accept such violations because the liberal state is not entitled to impose liberal values and practices on to a national minority. He suggests that the state should promote the voluntary liberalisation of the illiberal culture from within, and is only justified in using force in order to prevent severe violations of individual rights. In this paper I will argue that Kymlicka’s approach is lacking in some areas. I will argue that a multination liberal state should not grant self-government rights to a previously non-self-governing illiberal national minority unless the individual r... ...ial obligation, which does not apply to foreign nations, to take further steps, as outlined above, to their neighbouring fellow human beings. Endnotes 1 Will Kymlicka (1995), Multicultural Citizenship, (Clarendon Press, Oxford). p.76 2 Ibid., p.90 3 Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz (1990), ‘National Self-Determination’, Jounal of Philosophy, 87/9: 439-61. p.447-9 4 Supra, note 1, p.89 5 Ibid., p.83 6 Ronald Dworkin (1985), A Matter of Principle, (Harvard University Press, London). p.231 7 Supra, note 1, p.78 8 Ibid., p.168 9 Ibid., p.169 Bibliography Ronald Dworkin (1985), A Matter of Principle, (Harvard University Press, London). Will Kymlicka (1995), Multicultural Citizenship, (Clarendon Press, Oxford). Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz (1990), ‘National Self-Determination’, Jounal of Philosophy, 87/9: 439-61.

Lake Malawi National Park Essay

The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development is a positive experience for local people; tourism companies; and tourists themselves. 3 Ecotourism that focus on wildlife and nature started in malawi in1980. Some research indicates that such tourism may not in fact benefit these communities–as it might lead to them becoming dependent on the tourist economy, without developing skills that would allow them flexibility in the economy and be more of a long term guarantee. But despite this optimistic objective, sustainable tourism is still not widely understood. For a start, ‘sustainable tourism’ is not necessarily ‘ecotourism’. Dave N. et al(1988) , however, has indicated that such tourism may not actually be good for environment, or for the people who experience this attention. Safaris in Kenya, for example, are undoubtedly ‘ecotourism’. But Kenya is full of cases where lions have been forced into erratic behaviour because of excessive tourists, or where the local Masai people have failed to benefit from this kind of development. More importantly, ‘ecotourism’ does not involve more mainstream beach-or city-based tourism, where impacts are much greater than any nature-based tourism. Sustainable tourism, therefore, is an attempt to improve the impacts of all types of tourism, and this 3 Twan H. (1999),Tourism in developing countries. p. p-125 1 Literature Review 2 implies seeking ways to build partnerships between tourism companies and local governments or managers of resorts. 4 Ecotourism a form of tourism that focuses exclusively on wildlife, nature, or â€Å"exotic† cultures. Some argue that it is environmental tourism5. Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The notion â€Å"quality of life† includes everything that influences the situation in which people live. Hence, it includes much more than material consumption. It is intended to capture the importance of health, culture, and nature. there are two important restrictions, though †quality of life† doesn? t include the welfare that people derive from their from the children? s consumptions . likewise, only natures instrumental value(ie, value in its own right regardless of human experience); a vague term used to market anything related to nature or 4 David N. et al. 1988)

Practice Your Inferencing Skills With This Worksheet

Practice Your Inferencing Skills With This Worksheet How are your inferencing skills? Need some inference practice? Of course, you do! The reading comprehension portions of many standardized exams will ask inference questions – those that ask you to infer, or make an educated guess, about the content of the passage – along with the standard questions about main idea, authors purpose, and vocabulary in context. Teachers, feel free to print the following PDFs for easy practice in the classroom:Inference Practice 3  Worksheet | Inference Practice 3  Answer Key On Being Found Guilty of Treason Robert Emmet Born in 1778, died in 1803; became a leader of the United Irishmen, and in 1803 led an unsuccessful rising in Dublin; escaping to the mountains he returned to Dublin to take leave of his fiancà ©e, Sarah Curran, daughter of an orator, and was captured and hanged. MY LORDS:What have I to say why sentence of death should not be pronounced on me according to law? I have nothing to say that can alter your predetermination, nor that it will become me to say with any view to the mitigation of that sentence which you are here to pronounce, and I must abide by. But I have that to say which interests me more than life, and which you have labored (as was necessarily), your office in the present circumstances of this oppressed country) to destroy. I have much to say why my reputation should be rescued from the load of false accusation and calumny which has been heaped upon it. I do not imagine that, seated where you are, your minds can be so free from impurity as to receive the least impression from what I am going to utterI have no hopes that I can anchor my character in the breast of a court constituted and trammeled as this isI only wish, and it is the utmost I expect, that your lordships may suffer it to float down your memories untainted by the fou l breath of prejudice, until it finds some more hospitable harbor to shelter it from the storm by which it is at present buffeted. 1 Was I only to suffer death after being adjudged guilty by your tribunal, I should bow in silence, and meet the fate that awaits me without a murmur; but the sentence of law which delivers my body to the executioner, will, through the ministry of that law, labor in its own vindication to consign my character to obloquyfor there must be guilt somewhere: whether in the sentence of the court or in the catastrophe, posterity must determine. A man in my situation, my lords, has not only to encounter the difficulties of fortune, and the force of power over minds which it has corrupted or subjugated, but the difficulties of established prejudice: the dies, but his memory lives. That mine may not perish, that it may live in the respect of my countrymen, I seize upon this opportunity to vindicate myself from some of the charges alleged against me. When my spirit shall be wafted to a more friendly port; when my shade shall have joined the bands of those martyred heroes who have shed their bloo d on the scaffold and in the field, in defense of their country and of virtue, this is my hope: I wish that my memory and name may animate those who survive me, while I look down with complacency on the destruction of that perfidious government which upholds its domination by blasphemy of the Most Highwhich displays its power over man as over the beasts of the forestwhich sets man upon his brother, and lifts his hand in the name of God against the throat of his fellow who believes or doubts a little more or a little less than the government standarda government which is steeled to barbarity by the cries of the orphans and the tears of the widows which it has made. 2 I appeal to the immaculate GodI swear by the throne of Heaven, before which I must shortly appearby the blood of the murdered patriots who have gone before methat my conduct has been through all this peril and all my purposes, governed only by the convictions which I have uttered, and by no other view, than that. of their cure, and the emancipation of my country from the super inhuman oppression under which she has so long and too patiently travailed; and that I confidently and assuredly hope that, wild and chimerical as it may appear, there is still union and strength in Ireland to accomplish this noble enterprise. Of this I speak with the confidence of intimate knowledge, and with the consolation that appertains to that confidence. Think not, my lords, I say this for the petty gratification of giving you a transitory uneasiness; a man who never yet raised his voice to assert a lie, will not hazard his character with posterity by asserting a falsehood on a subject so important to h is country, and on an occasion like this. Yes, my lords, a man who does not wish to have his epitaph written until his country is liberated, will not leave a weapon in the power of envy; nor a pretense to impeach the probity which he means to preserve even in the grave to which tyranny consigns him. 3 Again I say, that what I have spoken, was not intended for your lordship, whose situation I commiserate rather than envymy expressions were for my countrymen; if there is a true Irishman present, let my last words cheer him in the hour of his affliction. 4 I have always understood it to be the duty of a judge when a prisoner has been convicted, to pronounce the sentence of the law; I have also understood that judges sometimes think it their duty to hear with patience, and to speak with humanity; to exhort the victim of the laws, and to offer with tender benignity his opinions of the motives by which he was actuated in the crime, of which he had been adjudged guilty: that a judge has thought it his duty so to have done, I have no doubtbut where is the boasted freedom of your institutions, where is the vaunted impartiality, clemency, and mildness of your courts of justice, if an unfortunate prisoner, whom your policy, and not pure justice, is about to deliver into the hands of the executioner, is not suffered to explain his motives sincerely and truly, and to vindicate the principles by which he was actuated? 5 My lords, it may be a part of the system of angry justice, to bow a mans mind by humiliation to the purposed ignominy of the scaffold; but worse to me than the purposed shame, or the scaffolds terrors, would be the shame of such unfounded imputations as have been laid against me in this court: you, my lord [Lord Norbury], are a judge, I am the supposed culprit; I am a man, you are a man also; by a revolution of power, we might change places, tho we never could change characters; if I stand at the bar of this court, and dare not vindicate my character, what a farce is your justice? If I stand at this bar and dare not vindicate my character, how dare you calumniate it? Does the sentence of death which your unhallowed policy inflicts on my body, also condemn my tongue to silence and my reputation to reproach? Your executioner may abridge the period of my existence, but while I exist I shall not forbear to vindicate my character and motives from your aspersions; and as a man to whom fam e is dearer than life, I will make the last use of that life in doing justice to that reputation which is to live after me, and which is the only legacy I can leave to those I honor and love, and for whom I am proud to perish. As men, my lord, we must appear at the great day at one common tribunal, and it will then remain for the searcher of all hearts to show a collective universe who was engaged in the most virtuous actions, or actuated by the purest motivesmy countrys oppressors or I? 6 I am charged with being an emissary of France! An emissary of France! And for what end? It is alleged that I wished to sell the independence of my country! And for what end? Was this the object of my ambition? And is this the mode by which a tribunal of justice reconciles contradictions? No, I am no emissary; and my ambition was to hold a place among the deliverers of my countrynot in power, nor in profit, but in the glory of the achievement! Sell my countrys independence to France! And for what? Was it for a change of masters? No! But for ambition! O my country, was it personal ambition that could influence me? Had it been the soul of my actions, could I not by my education and fortune, by the rank and consideration of my family, have placed myself among the proudest of my oppressors? My country was my idol; to it I sacrificed every selfish, every endearing sentiment; and for it, I now offer up my life. O God! No, my lord; I acted as an Irishman, determined on delivering my country from the yoke of a foreign and unrelenting tyranny, and from the more galling yoke of a domestic faction, which is its joint partner and perpetrator in the parricide, for the ignominy of existing with an exterior of splendor and of conscious depravity. It was the wish of my heart to extricate my country from this doubly riveted despotism. 7 I wished to place her independence beyond the reach of any power on earth; I wished to exalt you to that proud station in the world. 9 I wished to procure for my country the guarantee which Washington procured for America. To procure an aid, which, by its example, would be as important as its valor, disciplined, gallant, pregnant with science and experience; which would perceive the good, and polish the rough points of our character. They would come to us as strangers, and leave us as friends, after sharing in our perils and elevating our destiny. These were my objectsnot to receive new taskmasters, but to expel old tyrants; these were my views, and these only became Irishmen. It was for these ends I sought aid from France; because France, even as an enemy, could not be more implacable than the enemy already in the bosom of my country. 10 Let no man dare, when I am dead, to charge me with dishonor; let no man attaint my memory by believing that I could have engaged in any cause but that of my countrys liberty and independence; or that I could have become the pliant minion of power in the oppression or the miseries of my countrymen. The proclamation of the provisional government speaks for our views; no inference can be tortured from it to countenance barbarity or debasement at home, or subjection, humiliation, or treachery from abroad; I would not have submitted to a foreign oppressor for the same reason that I would resist the foreign and domestic oppressor; in the dignity of freedom I would have fought upon the threshold of my country, and its enemy should enter only by passing over my lifeless corpse. Am I, who lived but for my country, and who have subjected myself to the dangers of the jealous and watchful oppressor, and the bondage of the grave, only to give my countrymen their rights, and my country her indepe ndence, and am I to be loaded with calumny, and not suffered to resent or repel itno, God forbid! 11 If the spirits of the illustrious dead participate in the concerns and cares of those who are dear to them in this transitory lifeoh, ever dear and venerated shade of my departed father, look down with scrutiny upon the conduct of your suffering son; and see if I have even for a moment deviated from those principles of morality and patriotism which it was your care to instill into my youthful mind, and for which I am now to offer up my life! 12 My lords, you are impatient for the sacrificethe blood which you seek is not congealed by the artificial terrors which surround your victim; it circulates warmly and unruffled, through the channels which God created for noble purposes, but which you are bent to destroy, for purposes so grievous, that they cry to heaven. Be yet patient! I have but a few words more to say. I am going to my cold and silent grave: my lamp of life is nearly extinguished: my race is run: the grave opens to receive me, and I sink into its bosom! I have but one request to ask at my departure from this worldit is the charity of its silence! Let no man write my epitaph: for as no man who knows my motives dare now vindicate them, let not prejudice or ignorance asperse them. Let them and me repose in obscurity and peace, and my tomb remain uninscribed, until other times, and other men, can do justice to my character; when my country takes her place among the nations of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be written. I have done. 1. Which of the following statements about Robert Emmet is best supported by the passage? A. He was a patriot, willing to die for his cause. B. He was a traitor, dishonoring his country. C. He was a liar, vilifying noblemen. D. He was a hero, ambitious for glory. Answer and Explanation 2. Based on the information in paragraph two, one could infer that the government in Robert Emmets time was: A. weakening. B. disorganized. C. oppressive. D. permissive. Answer and Explanation 3. It can be reasonably inferred from Robert Emmets speech that he is most concerned about this after his death: A. not finishing the task of finding freedom for Ireland. B. leaving behind a young wife and small child to fend for themselves. C. being characterized as a villain by people who didnt understand his motives. D. a poorly written epitaph about the role he played in the downfall of the United Irishmen. Answer and Explanation 4. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that the Robert Emmet believed a partnership with France could: A. help gain control of the government to benefit Emmet. B. overthrow Irelands tyrannical rulers to free Ireland.    C. undo all the work he had done to free Ireland. D. sentence him to death for treason. Answer and Explanation 5. Based on the information in the passage, Robert Emmets tone could best be characterized as: A. quarrelsome. B. offensive. C. angry. D. passionate. Answer and Explanation

Journal Report essays

Journal Report essays Journal Report: Personality, Nonverbal Behavior, and Interaction Quality in Female Dyads This article discusses a study that was conducted to determine whether self-reports of personality are reliable in predicting the course of social interaction. It examined the relations between dimensions of the five-factor model and the quality of social encounters that took place among women who were unacquainted with one another. The questions that this study was intended to address are interesting: "What are the social differences in personality?" and "Do people's dispositional qualities manifest themselves in ways that influence their social experiences and the experiences of those around them?" (Berry and Hansen, 2000). These are complex questions and a comprehensive understanding and consideration of contextual variables was neccessary. It was revealed through the results of the study that extraversion and agreeableness were positively related to evaluations of the quality of these interactions. Also, there was a parallel between extraversion and agreeableness and quality evaluations from independent observers. These findings suggest that people who score high in agreeableness or extraversion inteeract with others in a way that causes social encounters to be objectively more positive than those experienced by others. It was also identified that variations in body openess and visual attention explained why observers perceived dyads high in agreeableness to have higher-quality interactions. Research has shown that the manner in which people use language within their social interactions is predictive of how they are evaluated by independent observers. It is not clear, however, whether it is verbal or nonverbal behaviors produce relations between personality and the quality of social interaction. According to this article, many studies have looked at the links between primary dimensions of personality and other aspects of self...

Evidence of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence of Evolution - Essay Example As a result led an arboreal way of life characterized good eye precision, a hand grip and padded feet with claws to enable climbing. The first primates were Prosimians whose niche was during the Paleocene Epoch. Prosimians faced global extinction of plants and animals that lacked adaptions to survive in the changing environment and had to adapt to complete the versatile ecological niche (Butzer, 1977). The early Prosimians were relatively small in size, they had a grasping hand and feet that were adapted to climbing trees and efficiently manipulated objects. At this stage they were developing stereoscopic vision. However, the Prosimians became extinct by the end of the Eocene Epoch and gave way to the anthropoids that existed during the Oligocene. The Oligocene was characterized by regional climate shifts that definitely influenced the direction of evolution (O’Neil, 2003). The climate at the time created a favorable environment for growth of fruits and seed plants that the anthropoids feed on. However, they still lived on trees. Due their environment and feeding habits, they had fewer teeth, larger brain capacity and a more defined stereoscopic vision as compared to the Prosimians. The Miocene Epoch was the next Epoch after the Oligocene. It was characterized by the movement of tectonic plates that created mountain chains. This changed the weather patterns, whereas the progressive global cooling and drying was still in force. Eventually, polar ice caps reduced the amount of water in the oceans lowering the sea levels. A land reconnection occurred between Africa and Asia, providing a migration route for primates and other animals (Williams, 2001). Tropical forests in South Asia and East Africa replaced the dry grasslands and woodlands providing a strategic environment for the survival of primates. The hominoids evolved during this period as primate

Research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Report - Research Paper Example An understanding of these web-technologies will require a research report in order to understand them. Ajax and Google analytics will be examined and investigated in order to provide an understanding and finally implement them in the product. Functional and non-functional requirements will be addressed in the research report. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Review of Literature and Technologies 5 System Requirement Analysis 9 Project Rationale 9 Functional Requirements 10 Non-functional Requirements 13 Booking Websites Design Patterns 13 The technologies that will be used 15 CSS – Cascading Style Sheets and HTML 5 15 JavaScript and JQuery 16 AJAX 16 PHP and MySQL 17 Proposed Methodology 17 Summary or Conclusion 18 Introduction There is no doubt that since the 1960s, the internet has matured has now become one of the most common technologies used in the world. It has nonetheless become a valuable and new form of communication that has effectively collapsed all physical and geo graphical barriers. There are many reasons given for its success, one of them is the simplicity of its architecture which can be summarised as being a network of networks. Clients can make request to a computer via several protocols such as TCP/IP, Domain Name Servers (DNS) are used to lookup URL requests and translate words into IP addresses. One of the key recent milestones in the internet has been the emergence of internet 2.0. The benefits of this have been exploited by developers and corporations and thus the explosion of apps such as Skype, video on demand, API’s and interactive games have become one of the most common features of internet usage today. Other advantages include not having to refresh a whole page, page state can be maintained and inputted text is also saved (Campesato & Nilson 2010). All of these factors ensure a much smoother experience for the user. In this regard, the internet has become a more competitive marketing tool in the tourism and hospitality industry (Doolin et al. 2002). It has today become a common feature for travellers and tourists worldwide to rely on the power and capability of the internet powered by web 2.0 technologies to interact with businesses all over the world. They are able to gather information on prices, offers, packages, and destinations online or from the internet, conveniently, at least, at the comfort of their homes, offices, or even while on the move (Gaona et al. 2013). The latter is facilitated by the advanced in technology with regards to the capability of handheld devices including smartphones, laptops, and tablet computers (Greenspan 2004). Further, many hoteliers, and tour operators are regarding the internet/web as the new, cost-effective, and efficient distribution, marketing and customer care environment; thus most of them are taking advantage these e-services, specifically, online booking or reservation system. In order to facilitate the development of a system which can meets its goals a nd is also efficient, research suggests that the different elements of the system such as the interface code, server side scripting code and database code be separated. This is a common theory which industry has adopted because it allows people with different skills to develop a system simultaneously. This concept or is often termed N-tier architecture (B’Far 2005) and will be incorporated into the project. Developing online booking systems has many advantages both for the client and the business that provides online

CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study Example The research objective is a set of goals you set for your marketing research. This is very important part of your research as it tells what do the researcher hope to achieve and why is s/he carrying out the research. (Koch) For our research problem, the specific objective is to find out what kind of customers shop at the store and what their preferences are, shopping style, shopping style, behavior and demographics. The outcome of this research will be used to design marketing strategy according to the needs of the customers, and providing them what best fits them. In this research, they should go for Primary as well Secondary research. Primary research will be of prime importance they actually need information on customers characteristics. This information can be found out with the help of detailed questionnaire, interviews, and mall intercepts. The use of Secondary sources is also important because researchers will need to look at the past researches done by the mall, and see a general buying behavior among the shoppers of the city or region. Once you have outlined the sources of your required information, you look into the details of how this information will be extracted. In this scenario, we need to find the characteristics of customers who come at the mall. The research conducted will be qualitative as well as quantitative. The quantitative research will involve questions that need use of words to express. There will be very few questions that can be answered in a quantitative manner. By qualitative analysis, the researcher can find out the answers for every unique customer, his/her beliefs, insights, opinion, preference, experience etc in words. These things cannot be measured in numbers, they are unique for every human

Poetic form meter Essay Example for Free

Poetic form meter Essay Exploring how Allen Curnow portrays the search for inspiration in Continuum In the poem ‘Continuum’ by Allen Curnow, he tells us about his lack of inspiration. The theme of the poem revolves around poetic inspiration, and how he is unable to get inspiration. Allen Curnow uses a variety of stylistic devices to portray this. The title, â€Å"Continuum†, shows us that the problem Allen Curnow talks about, his lack of inspiration, is never ending and is continuing all the time, i.e., it is continuous. The first stanza signifies the first stage of poetic inspiration and also shows us Curnow’s unstable thoughts; â€Å"the roof falls behind†, as he is unable to compose poetry he is in a sense, rolling and falling all over the place so to speak. In the first line, the word â€Å"moon† is used as an image: a symbol for Curnow. As the moon is unable to shine on its own (it has to draw its light and energy from the sun), just like that Curnow depends on his writing to keep him going in life. The first stanza also tells the reader about the setting and time of the poem which is at night. The moon also evokes images of loneliness and a solitary state in that it is the only bright object in the night sky just like Curnow is the only (and therefore lonely) person awake at night. The poem has no definite rhyme scheme, suggesting to us that the poet is finding it difficult to express his thoughts, and he cannot tap into the world of imagination. The last line of the first stanza; â€Å"I am talking about myself.† Is a clear statement of his frustration and his inability to write. In the next stanza, Curnow is seeking connection with nature to find poetic inspiration. The line, â€Å"It’s not possible to get off to sleep†, tells the reader that the poet is unable to sleep which shows that something is troubling him. He tries to convey that it’s as tough to get rid of his thoughts as it is to get rid off the planet. Curnow goes out â€Å"barefoot†, to rid himself of the human material and wants to connect with nature†¦.

Single Men Vs. Committed Men Essay -- essays research papers

Single men lead different lifestyles compared to men that are committed to one woman. When a guy is single, he might wish he had a girlfriend. When that same guy finds a girlfriend, he might want to be single again. This is a strange cycle that many young men go through for many years. Although there are many differences between these two lifestyles, one similarity is apparent. That is the transition from one lifestyle to the other. The transition is often very difficult. These transitions often cause many aspects of a man’s life to change. This means that there are many contrasts when you compare lifestyles of single men and men in a relationship with one woman. A guy may enjoy or hate living his life single. Often times a single lifestyle consists of merely hanging out with guys and girls just as friends, and having fun. If a guy really enjoys partying and getting a little crazy on the weekends, this is what he will do when he is single. Single men usually do and say whatever they want to, and don’t worry about what others may think about them. He just wants to be with his buddies and have a good time. Sometimes single men will not be seeking potential girlfriends. Other times he will be on the lookout for girls he is interested in. In either case, girls will be on his mind. For that guy who is not looking for a relationship, he will not mind not seeing any girls for a period of time. A guy who is looking for a commitment will want to go to ...

The Autobiography of Malcolm X :: Malcolm X Civil Rights American History Essays

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. At the time of his birth, Malcolm's father was a Baptist Minister. His mom was a writer of Marcus Garvey. Before he was born, his father had 3 children with his previous marriage and 3 before him with his mom. Malcolm's father played a big role in scripting his life from early childhood by the beliefs that he carried and gave to the children by Garvey's teachings . He taught Malcolm to be a very strong man to be able to provide for himself without any help. Marcus Garvey was the founder of the U.N.I.A (Universal Negro Improvement Association) which was to raise the banner of black race purity and exhorting the negro masses to return to their ancestral African homeland. The Ku Klux Klan was a big threat to Malcolm's family so it forced them to move around quite a bit. Then suddenly one day, Malcolm's mother and father got into a big dispute that forced Malcolm's father to go out and take a walk to clear his head. Malcolm's mom felt very strange and uncomfortable about it. So before he had gone to far, she tried to catch up with him and tell him that she had a bad feeling and for him to come home. So later on that night two policemen came to their house to inform the family that Malcolm's father had been killed by an train cart. The accident was speculated because it was said that he was forced under the cart for it to hit him by the Klan. This whole ordeal had an very negative impact upon Malcolm's life growing up. After the father's death, the family was forced to be put on welfare. This was very hard for the kids and especially the mother to accept because they were use to the father being the provider, and it went against everything that they were taught by their father. They had welfare personnel coming by to check up on them very often. The mother felt so helpless and was unable to provide and care for the kids like she used to. It was even harder to try to discipline the kids without the father there to enforce the punishments.

If I Was Given A Second Chance To Visit This World

Birth and death are neither under our control nor a matter of choice People are born without much effort on their part and die without any choice of their own. I look upon life as a game and, when I have finished it, I will leave the field without any hesitation and complaint. The life on this earth is quite enough for any reasonable man. But there is no harm in getting a new base of life, if one can have all the good things of life.Every child during early years of school read stories and fancy many of the characters portrayed in them. I once read a Chinese story illustrating this point of view. There was a man who was in hell and about to be reincarnated, and said to the King of Reincarnation, â€Å"If you want me to return to the earth as a human being, I will only go on my own conditions. † â€Å"And what are they? † asked the King. The man replied, â€Å"I must be born the son of a cabinet minister and father of a future cabinet minister.I must have ten thousand a cres of land surrounding my home and fish ponds and fruits of every kind and a beautiful wife, good and loving to me, and rooms stocked full of grain and trunks full to the top with money, and I myself must be a Grand Councilor or Duke of the First Rank and enjoy honor and prosperity and live until I am hundred years old. † And the King of Reincarnation replied, â€Å"If I were such a lot on earth, I would go and be incarnated myself, and not give it to you.This is a very reasonable answer to any man who wants to have all the good things of life. Life is to be accepted with all its joys and sorrows, with its sunny days and cloudy nights. The world in which we live is necessarily an imperfect world, and man is, as it were, sandwiched between. Therefore, I do not seek at any moment in my life a world which is perfect in all respects. If I am given the chance (I wonder, if it ever happen) to be born again, I will not lay down any unreasonable conditions unlike the man in the Chi nese story which may embarrass my Creator.I shall be glad if I am delivered upon this beautiful earth as its transient guest and asked to leave after seventy five years (I ask only for this much concession) of rough and tumble life. After I have seen two generations of children and grand children I should be perfectly satisfied to rise from my seat and go away saying: It was a good game and I have really played well and enjoyed my innings to the full. But before my second earthly life comes to an end, I must make amends for the mistakes that I had committed in the first life.This time I will choose a country where people enjoy greater peace and facilities of life like United Kingdom or United States of America, or Switzerland or Norway; any will do provided they do not object to my skin color. I will not go to a school where teachers take students as pitchers and try to pour into what they deem necessary. Unfortunately, some time teachers take a conscious pleasure in insulting stude nts with their sly remarks. It does a little good to the mental advancement of back benchers and average students.I will go to a school where cricket is considered more important that literature or physics. I had enough of literature and physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics in my first life. All these subjects are good in their own way, but for myself, I am content to be less studious and more practical. After I have finished my education, I should like to become a business executive. I do know that the life of business executive in America or any European country is not easy. I have examples of lives of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs.But what makes me comfortable is that a business executive is always too busy to think of higher things such as poetry, art and contemplation on scientific notes. But I do not care for art and science if I have obvious things like the enjoyment of food, a laughing party of friends, my children ramping about on my grassy lawn or playing on merry go ro und. After all life is not spirit but matter. Some of us who are spiritually inclined towards life, may not like this picture of life, but they can have their own type of life when they are born again.A business executive, as you know, makes a good deal of money, by many clever tricks. When I have made a few millions I will charter a plane and go round the world. Singapore and Siam, Honolulu and Tokyo, Geneva and New Jersey will offer all their enchantments to me. I may even go to Africa and do a bit of big hunting. But I am terribly afraid of lions and rhinos. I will ask somebody to kill them for me and then get myself photographed while sitting on a big lion! I know the reader would be laughing at my cowardice, but this is how we big business executives do lion hunting.Now comes the sad part of the story. When I come back from my travels around the world, I go for a medical checkup. My doctor, who has specialized in all types of cancers, tells me that I am â€Å"ripe† for a cancer. It may be a ‘tropic of cancer’ but nobody can laugh at his own indisposition. I take his word for granted and apply for a bed in one of the most modern hospital. The doctors kill me in order to find out the cancer which never existed. I die without a word of protest, because I had enough of life. I have no regrets or remorse leaving this world.

Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essays - Chinese Communists

Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essays - Chinese Communists Power, Propoganda in Communist China Propaganda in China during the Cultural Revolution took on many forms; there were mass Red Guard demonstrations in Tianamen Square in support of Mao Zedong, pictures of Mao were put up in every conceivable location from restaurants to the wallpaper in nurseries, and pamphlets and books of Mao's teachings were distributed to every Chinese citizen. One of these propaganda publications Quotations from Chairman Mao which later became known as the Little Red Book contained quotes from Mao Zedong and was distributed to every Chinese citizen. The history of the Red Book provides one of the best ways in which to analyze Chinese propaganda during the Cultural Revolution and see the ways in which the Chinese government was able to produce and effectively indoctrinate the Chinese people with Mao Zedong Thought. Official Chinese magazines from the period of 1967 to 1970 are filled with many pictures of citizens holding, reading, and memorizing the Red Book. This proposal will trace the rise and fall of images of the Red Book in the official Chinese publication China Reconstructs. This proposal will use a graphical analysis of pictures in this publication from 1966 to 1973 to show that propaganda was not just a tool of the Communist party but also a reflection of internal power struggles within the party during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Book was written several years before it became the object of national adoration and a tool for the Cultivation of Mao's personality Cult. The history of the Red Book and its meteoric rise from a hand book for military recruits to compulsory reading for all Chinese citizens, is closely tied to its developer Lin Biao's rise to power. Lin Biao was born in 1907 and was fourteen years younger then Mao; he joined the communist party in 1925 and until the communists captured control of China was at various times in charge of resiezce forces, and armies of communist soldiers. When the communists took control in 1949 Lin Biao was behind Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, and Deng Xiaoping in rank (Yan and Gao, 1996: 179). But eighteen years later during the height of the Cultural Revolution Lin Biao by winning favor with Mao by publishing and championing the Red Book and the Cult of Mao became second only to the Chairman in power and position (Ming-Le, 1983: 80). In 1959 Peng Dehua was dismissed as minister of defense and Lin Biao was appointed in his place. At an armed forces meeting for high cadres during September of that year Lin Biao, energetically started promoting the Cult of Mao saying, "Learning the writings of comrade Mao Zedong is the shortcut to learning Marxism-Leninism. Chairman Mao's writings are easy to learn and can be put to use immediately. Diligent work will pay dividends many fold." (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) His references to "shortcut" and "quick dividends" in his speech went unnoticed at the time as few foresaw the effects of creating a Cult around Mao. But looking back on the Cultural Revolution and Lin Biao, we can see his using the Cult of Mao was indeed a shortcut that produced huge dividends both for himself and for Mao. Mao to the Chinese people was a symbol sovereignty and the construction of socialism; to them praise for Mao was fitting with his symbolic role in society. Starting in 1959 Lin Biao in front of military audiences in order to help buildup support for the Cult of Mao used such phrases as, "the dire necessity of acquiring Mao Zedong's thought," "to study the writings of Mao Zedong with questions in mind is to shoot arrows with target in sight," "we must arm our minds with Mao Zedong's thought" (Yan an Gao, 1996: 181). Lin Biao's goal of building up both himself and the Cult of Mao lead him in September of 1960 to pass a resolution at the meeting of the Military Commission, which called for more political education among the armed forces (Yan and Gao, 1996: 181) "Mao Zedong Thought is the compass for the Chinese people's revolution and socialist construction, the powerful ideological weapon against imperialism, and the powerful ideological weapon against revisionism

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and the seduction by Eileen McCauley Essays

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and the seduction by Eileen McCauley Essays Compare and contrast Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and the seduction by Eileen McCauley Paper Compare and contrast Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and the seduction by Eileen McCauley Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems These two poems although set in very different time periods share many similarities in their themes and characters. Cousin Kate is set in the 1700s where women were seen as mens possessions that they could do what they liked with. Women could have no real career. Their only way to get ahead in life was to marry into a rich family and become a good wife. It was set in a period where a single mother was seen as a sinner.The seduction is set in or around the late 1960s early 1970s. You would expect womens rights to change a lot in the few hundred years that had passes since cousin Kate, which they had to a degree, but single mothers were still frowned upon, men still took advantage of women although not as much as in the 1700s.The title the seduction is quite ironic as it makes you think of a romantic scene, but actually he is seducing her by handing her the vodka which makes this boy seem as though he cant get girls in any other way. This can be contrasted to Cousin Kate where the lord seduces the cottage maiden with his obviously very good romantic skills he praised my flaxen hair the lexical choice praised makes this line seem much more romantic. The boy in the seduction clearly knows that he is doing wrong as he led her to the quiet bricks of Birkenhead docks Here the author uses alliteration of the letter B emphasizes the fact that they are completely alone by making the scene seem more deserted.He also emphasizes that they are alone by not only making the scene they are in seem quiet but also by making the city which is usually associated with lots of noise seem calm and distant Far past the silver stream of traffic through the city, far from the blind windows of the tower blocks.The sibilance here makes the noisy traffic seem far away. This technique of audible imagery is very effective I think it underlines the fact that that the two of them are isolated from civilisation. The author puts little things in throughout the poem to show reasons why this boy ca nt get a girlfriend by normal means for example where she writes he spat into the river and when he tells her that he comes to this place with me dads magazines These are put in to give you an idea of how disrespectful to women this boy is and how sordid the whole situation is. The lord in Cousin Kate also has little or no respect for women as the cottage maiden tells us he wore me like a silken knot, he changed me like a glove. This objectifies the women as she is compared to an item of clothing that can be just discarded or changed as he wishes without any thought for the woman. The girl in the seduction thinks that she is in love with this boy but none of it is real. She is just intoxicated by the alcohol As he bought her more drinks so she fell in love. The author links the drink with falling in love in this line on purpose to show how false the whole thing is. Also we notice that she says he bought the drinks rather than her which suggests he is deliberately trying to get her d runk. This boy has no real grasp of right and wrong or if he does he has no problem with rule breaking When I should be at school or eating my dinner this line emphasizes his lack of respect for school or his family as he disobeys both. Also he himself takes drugs with a bag of shimmering sweet paint thinner shimmering and sweet symbolize something good but then paint thinner is obviously bad which is a paradox. By the time they get to the docks the girl is obviously completely inebriated by the vodka and sat in the dark, her head rolling forward. This image calls up images in the readers mind of past experiences, which makes you know how little the girl can do to resist when she is so drunk. The line the frightening scum on the water is a pun that could literally mean scum on the water or it could be a reflection of the boy who is scum. The boy now is going to make his move on the girl now that she is completely out of control. He swiftly contrived to kiss her. The lexical choice contrive makes the reader see how engineered and planned this whole set-up is. The girl has little experience either, as she is young. She stifled a giggle. The word giggle has connotations of innocence inexperience that emphasizes how immoral this is. We dont know what goes on from here as the poem jumps on in time from this line stories in teenage magazines . . . The three full stops are a caesura that is put there to symbolize the passing of time. This can be compared to Cousin Kate where time moves on between the cottage maiden being pregnant and then in the next verse time has jumped on to after her son is born. Also this is a contrast between the two poems as In Cousin Kate we hear of the cottage maidens feelings after her son is born my fair haired son. Where as in the seduction time only moves on further into the pregnancy.For the rest of the seduction the mood changes and the girl has done a lot of growing up in the three months that have passed and she now realizes the tr ue consequences of her actions on that night when she discovered she was three months gone, she sobbed in the cool, locked darkness of her room The author here gives us little information on why she is locked in her room. She leaves it up to the reader to decide if she has locked herself in or weather somebody like her parents have locked her in as in the 1960s-1970s it was a terrible thing to be a single underage mother. This girl is no longer the innocent little girl she was before now she broke the heels of her bright white shoes. This symbolizes the losing of her innocence, virginity or both as the colour white represents purity and now she is breaking that.In a way the girl is blaming her magazines for her getting pregnant she ripped up all her my guy and Jackie photo comics as she rips these comics up its as though she is ripping up her dream of becoming one of the happy ending stories out of them herself. This girl now hated herself and what she had become. She was sickened e very morning by stupid stupid promises only tacitly made. McCauley uses a pun here where she says sickened every morning. She could mean morning sickness or she could mean sickened mentally by what had happened. the women in both poems are worried about how others will perceive them now they are pregnant. In The seduction she says better to turn away, move away, fade away, than to have the neighbours whispering that you always looked the type and in Cousin Kate the cottage maiden says the neighbours call you good and pure, and me an outcast thing. These two lines stress the fact that single mothers were social outcasts.The girl in the seduction then thinks how good life could have been where she goes to the parties and meets the boy next door and walk hand in hand these lines conjure up the fairytale image in your head just like in her magazines but she knows that now she can no longer have this dream. Now she thinks that she is in the worse possible scenario she can think of. She s ays better to destroy yourself in man-made ways than to fall into this despicable feminine void. Here the writer really shows how depressed she is by making her want to almost do absolutely anything apart from being pregnant.I think is the real difference between the two poems is in who or what they blame for their situation. In Cousin Kate the cottage maiden blames the whole thing on the man I would have spit into his face. When she knew exactly what was going on and what the risks of pre-marital sex were, where as the girl in the seduction who had no control of this boy who got her drunk and then more-or less raped her, blames the magazines that she reads full of glamour with a stammer and glossy horoscopes, full of fresh fruit diets how did she feel betrayed? The irony being that both women are blaming the wrong person for their predicament.These poems are both very anti-male as you can see from the way the authors seem to describe the men almost as manipulative rapists in these poems which makes them a lot easier to compare than contrast.

Pastoralism and the Development of Civilization

Pastoralism and the Development of Civilization Pastoralism refers to a stage in the development of civilization between hunting and agriculture and also to a way of life dependent on the herding of livestock, specifically, ungulates. The Steppes and the Near and Middle East are particularly associated with pastoralism, although mountainous regions and areas too cold for farming can also support pastoralism.  In the Steppes near Kiev, where the wild horse roamed, pastoralists used their knowledge of cattle herding to domesticate the horse. Lifestyle Pastoralists focus on raising livestock and tend to the care and use of animals such as camels, goats, cattle, yaks, llamas and sheep.  Animal species vary depending on where pastoralists live in the world; typically they are domesticated herbivores that eat plant foods. The two main lifestyles of pastoralism include nomadism and transhumance. The nomads practice a seasonal migratory pattern that changes annually, while transhumance pastoralists use a pattern to cool highland valleys in summer and warmer ones during the cold wintertime. Nomadism This form of subsistence agriculture, also known as farming to eat, is based on herding domesticated animals. Instead of depending on crops to survive, pastoral nomads primarily depend on animals that provide milk, clothing and tents.   Some key characteristics of pastoral nomads include: Pastoral nomads typically do not slaughter their animals but already dead ones may be used for food.Power and prestige are often symbolized by this cultures herd size.The type and number of animals are chosen in relation to local characteristics, such as climate and vegetation. Transhumance The movement of livestock for water and food encompasses transhumance. The core differentiator in regards to nomadism is that herders who are leading the flock must leave their family behind.  Their lifestyle is in harmony with nature, developing groups of people with the worlds ecosystem, embedding themselves in their environment and biodiversity. The main places you can find transhumance include Mediterranean locations such as Greece, Lebanon, and Turkey. Modern Pastoralism Today, most pastoralists live in Mongolia, parts of Central Asia and East African locations. Pastoral societies include groups of pastoralists who center their daily life around pastoralism through the tending of herds or flocks.  The benefits of pastoralism include flexibility, low costs and freedom of movement. Pastoralism has survived due to additional features including light regulatory environment and their work in regions that are not suited for agriculture. Quick Facts Over 22 million Africans depend on pastoralists for their livelihood today, in communities such as the Bedouins, Berbers, Somali and Turkana.There are over 300,000 cattle herders in Southern Kenya and 150,000 in Tanzania.Pastoralism societies can be drawn back to the time period 8500-6500 BC.Literary work involving shepherds and rustic life is known as pastoral which comes from the term pastor, Latin for a shepherd. SourceAndrew Sherratt Pastoralism The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996. Oxford University Press.